Tenses

Class of Word ada 4

1.      Verb (Kata kerja)

2.       Noun ( Kata benda)

3.      Adjective (Kata sifat)

4.      Adverb (Kata Keterangan)

a. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau) 

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Fungsinya : Menjelaskan tentang satu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau & tidak ada hubungannya lagi dengan hari ini

Rumus :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C

?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :

+} We were at school yesterday

-} We were not at school yesterday

?} were we at school yesterday ?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

Contoh :

(+ ) I saw a good film last night

( +) He came here last month

(-) I did not see  a good film last night

(-) He didn’t come  last month

(?) Did I see a good film last night

(?) Did He come here last month

b. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)      

b. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Fungsinya : Menjelaskan suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi, kebiasaan, kebeneran umum (general truth)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C

– } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday

– } Sisca does not Read book everyday

? } does Sisca Read book everyday

Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)

For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

Contoh kalimat :

(+) She is a new people here.

(+) He plays football every morning

(-) She isn’t a new people here.

(-) He does not playing football every morning.

(?) Is she a new people here?

(?) How playing football every morning?

c. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

c. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Fungsinya : Rencana, Prediksi, ramalan dan yang sifatnya spontan

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock

(?) Will he go to America next month?

(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

d. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Fungsinya : Menjelaskan tentang kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau

Rumus :

(+) : S + was/were + Ving

(-)  : S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?)  : Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

(+) They were talking about sport when I met him

(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week

(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him

(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week

(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

e. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Fungsinya : Menjelaskan tentang kejadian yang saat di bicarakan

Rumus :

+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           + } They are playing badmintoon now

– } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >>           – } They are not playing badmintoon now

? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C            >>           ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Yes They are / no they are not

For I = am

They, we, you = are

He, She, It = Is

Contoh dalam kalimat :

(+) He is playing badminton now

(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.

(?) Is he playing badminton now.

f. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Fungsinya : Menjelaskan kejadian yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa depan 

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will be writing a comic.

(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.

(-) I will not writing a comic.

(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

(?) Will I be writing a comic ?

(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

g. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

 Fungsinya :  Menjelaskan tentang satu kejadian sebelum ada kejadian lain di masa lampau

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

(+) : S + had + V3

(-)  : S + had + not + V3

(?) : Had + S + V3

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

(+) The ship had left before I arrived

(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle

(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

h. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang) 

Fungsinya : Dimulai di masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Contoh :

(+) you have eaten mine.

(-) she has not been to Rome

(?) have you finished?

i. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Fungsinya : Kejadian yang akan sudah terjadi di masa depan

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.

(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.

(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.

(-) Wewillnothaveleft.

(?) Willyou havearrived?

(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

j. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Fungsinya : Menjelaskan tentang satu kejadian yang masih sedang terjadi saat kejadian lain di mulai di masa lampau

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) They had been living there for two month

(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month

(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton

(?) Had they been living there for two month?

(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Fungsinya : Menjelaskan tentang satu kejadian yang dimulai di masa lampu, masih sedang berlangsung saat ada kejadian lain dimulai di masa kini.

Rumus :

(+) : S + have/has + been + Ving

(-)  : S + have/has + not + been + Ving

(?)  : Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

(+) We have been riding a horse for three days

(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.

(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

(?) Has she been going to Malang ?

(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

l. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Fungsinya : Satu kejadian yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung depan

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will have been reading a news paper.

(+) He will have been listening music.

(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.

(-) He will haven’t listening a music.

(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

(?) Will He have listening a music ?